It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure smooth functioning of an organisation/system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by an individual in day-to-day functioning?

 Introduction

Ethics refers to the set of moral principles and values that guide human behaviour. When individuals act ethically, predictability, trust and accountability increase, leading to the smooth functioning of organisations and social systems.

1. What does ethics seek to promote in human life?

(a) Promotion of Human Well-being and Flourishing

Ethics aims to create conditions where individuals can lead meaningful, dignified and fulfilling lives (Aristotle’s idea of eudaimonia).

(b) Harmonious Social Relations

Ethics encourages trust, cooperation and mutual respect, reducing social frictions and enabling collective living.

(c) Moral Responsibility and Accountability

Ethics cultivates an inner sense of duty, ensuring individuals take responsibility for their actions and consequences.

(d) Fairness and Justice

Ethical principles promote equality, impartiality and fairness, which are essential for social stability.

(e) Integrity and Character Building

Ethics shapes a person’s character, fostering virtues such as honesty, courage, compassion and empathy.

(f) Long-term Perspective

Ethics promotes long-term, sustainable decision-making over short-term selfish gains.

2. How do ethical values help in resolving day-to-day conflicts?

Ethical values provide individuals with a moral compass that helps them navigate dilemmas involving competing interests, duties and pressures.

(a) Provide Clear Standards of Right and Wrong

Values such as honesty, fairness and respect help individuals choose correct actions when faced with difficult situations.

Example:

An employee facing pressure to manipulate data can rely on honesty and integrity to resist unethical orders.

(b) Reduce Emotional and Cognitive Conflicts

Ethical principles guide decision-making and reduce confusion, indecisiveness, or guilt.

Example:

Compassion helps a public servant balance strict rule enforcement with humane considerations.

(c) Assist in Balancing Conflicting Duties

Ethics helps reconcile competing obligations—personal vs. professional, individual vs. organisational, legal vs. moral.

Example:

While enforcing traffic rules, an officer may show leniency in humanitarian emergencies.

(d) Encourage Impartiality and Transparency

Ethical values ensure decisions are free from bias, corruption or favouritism, reducing conflict among stakeholders.

Example:

Following procedural fairness prevents disputes and grievances in administrative decisions.

(e) Promote Dialogue and Conflict Resolution

Values such as empathy, tolerance and respect lead to constructive engagement rather than confrontation.

Example:

An administrator resolving community disputes through patient listening and consensus-building.

(f) Strengthen Institutional Trust

Ethical behaviour increases credibility, reducing resistance and friction from citizens or colleagues.

Conclusion

Ethics enhances both individual moral quality and institutional effectiveness. By promoting human well-being, trust, fairness and a sense of duty, ethics helps individuals resolve everyday conflicts and contributes to the smooth and harmonious functioning of organisations and society.