Q : Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyse their role in the Indian struggle for freedom. 2013 | 10

Introduction:

Several foreigners, inspired by India’s civilizational values and struggle against colonialism, made India their home and played an active role in the freedom movement. They contributed through journalism, education, revolutionary activities, and social reform.

Body:

1. Annie Besant, an Irish theosophist, founded the Home Rule League in 1916, inspiring self-governance and nurturing young leaders like Tilak and Nehru
2. Charles Freer Andrews, a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, supported the non-violent movement, advocated for Indian laborers’ rights in South Africa, and promoted communal harmony
3. Sister Nivedita (Margaret Noble), a disciple of Swami Vivekananda, worked for women’s education, national awakening, and supported revolutionary activities during the Bengal partition period
4. Mirra Alfassa, known as The Mother, co-founded the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Pondicherry, promoting spiritual and cultural regeneration that strengthened nationalist consciousness
5. A.O. Hume, a retired British ICS officer, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885, providing a political platform for the expression of nationalist aspirations
6. Henry Cotton, a liberal British MP, supported Indian nationalists in the British Parliament and presided over the Congress session in 1904, advocating for constitutional reforms
7. Madeleine Slade (Mira Behn), an English disciple of Gandhi, actively participated in the Quit India Movement and promoted rural reconstruction and khadi production
8. Satyananda Stokes, an American by birth, joined India’s freedom movement, supported the Non-Cooperation Movement, and worked for rural upliftment in Himachal Pradesh
9. Rev. C.F. Andrews and William Wedderburn supported moderate leaders and reforms through writings, advocacy, and international awareness about India’s cause
10. George Joseph, of Anglo-Indian descent, worked closely with Gandhi and was an active participant in the Home Rule and Non-Cooperation movements

Conclusion:

These foreign nationals infused India’s freedom struggle with global ideals of liberty and justice, bridging international solidarity with Indian nationalism. Their efforts strengthened India’s moral foundation, paving the way for post-independence cultural and spiritual exchanges with the world.